![]() The pioneering work by Miyasaka and co‐workers in 2009 laid the foundation for perovskite‐based photovoltaic (PV) research and kick‐started a scientific revolution on solar energy materials for use in third generation PV technologies. The combination of those two factors defines the important parameter space for perovskite formability and stability. ] Besides t, the octahedral factor ( μ), i.e., the ratio of the ionic radius of B site to the A site, provides a measure of the octahedral stability of the perovskite and is usually found in the range of 0.44 ≤ μ ≤ 0.9. Hexagonal structures are typically formed when t > 1, and nonperovskite structures are formed when t ≤ 0.8. Empirically, the majority of MHPs synthesized to date form in the range 0.81 ≤ t ≤ 1.0. ] in 1926, is often used to predict the stability of the perovskite lattice on the basis of the ionic radii ( r) of A ( r A), B ( r B), and X ( r X), and is given asįor a perfectly cubic perovskite lattice, t is close to 1. The tolerance factor ( t), a parameter first introduced from Goldschmidt [ On the other hand, if the A cation is an inorganic atom, such as cesium (Cs +), the resulting compound is an inorganic MHP. When a suitable organic molecule is employed as the A cation (e.g., MA + (methylammonium): CH 3NH 3 + or FA + (formamidinium):CH(NH 2) 2 +), the resulting material is an inorganic–organic hybrid metal halide perovskite (MHP) (Figure 1). The structure of 3D perovskite can be described by the cubic contractual formula of A +1M +2(X −1) 3, where each A (an organic group or an inorganic cation) has twelve neighboring X (halide atoms), and each M (a metal cation) connects with six adjacent X through ionic bonds. Also shown are some examples of commonly used metal and organic cations. Schematic representation of the structures of 3D (simple and double), 0D, 1D, 2D, and quasi‐2D perovskites. ![]() The article concludes with a discussion of the remaining challenges and future perspectives. ![]() The review starts with a discussion of the basic principles of high‐energy radiation detection with focus on key performance metrics followed by a comprehensive summary of the recent progress in the field of perovskite‐based detectors. Here, the fundamental principles of high‐energy radiation detection are reviewed with emphasis on recent progress in the emerging and fascinating field of metal halide perovskite‐based X‐ray and γ‐ray detectors. ![]() Key to this is the ability of MHPs to accommodate heavy elements while being able to form large, high‐quality crystals and polycrystalline layers, making them one of the most promising emerging X‐ray and γ‐ray detector technologies. The extensive range of possible inorganic and hybrid perovskites coupled with their processing versatility and ability to convert external stimuli into easily measurable optical/electrical signals makes them an auspicious sensing element even for the high‐energy domain of the electromagnetic spectrum. Photodetectors are one of the latest additions in an expanding list of applications of this fascinating family of materials. Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as a frontrunner semiconductor technology for application in third generation photovoltaics while simultaneously making significant strides in other areas of optoelectronics. ![]()
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